One of the most well-known martyrdoms in the history of Christianity in China
occurred in December 1934, when a young American missionary couple, John and Betty Stam, were beheaded in Anhui Province along with a Chinese
Christian named Zhang Shuisheng, who had pleaded for the Stams’ release.
John Stam was of Dutch immigrant ancestry. His family had settled in New Jersey, but from an early age he had felt burdened for China, a land in which
he often reminded people, “a million a month pass into Christless graves.” John prepared his heart and life to serve God in China.
The early 1930s were a difficult time both in China and in America. In America the Great Depression was wreaking havoc with the economy, and great
hardship was felt by all. In China the rise of the Communist threat was seriously disrupting missionary work. The Red Army seemed to be growing in
size and scope daily. Numerous missionary bases had been forced to close, and workers were being evacuated from areas where the Communist forces were
approaching. Stam saw these events as mere challenges to God’s kingdom, but nothing that could force him to alter his commitment to Christ and to
China. When he was chosen to give the speech to the Moody Class of 1932, Stam gave the following stirring challenge:
Shall we beat a retreat, and turn back from our high calling in Christ Jesus, or dare we advance at God’s command in the face of the impossible? ….
Let us remind ourselves that the Great Commission was never qualified by clauses calling for advance only if funds were plentiful and no hardship or
self-denial was involved. On the contrary, we are told to expect tribulation and even persecution, but with it victory in Christ.
Betty was the daughter of missionary parents in China, and so was brought up with Oriental language and culture. Although she was attending school in
America, everyone expected her to return to China to start her own career as a missionary. Before she was appointed for service, Betty wrote:
I want something really worthwhile to live for. Like most young people, I want to invest this one life of mine as wisely as possible, in the place
that yields richest profits to the world and to me…. I want it to be God’s choice for me and not my own. There must be no self-interest at all, or I
do not believe God can reveal His will clearly. … I know very well that I can never realize the richest, most satisfying, life Christ meant for me, if
I am not giving my own life unselfishly for others. Christ said: “He that would find his life shall lose it,” and proved the truth of this divine
paradox at Calvary. I want Him to lead, and His Spirit to fill me. And then, only then, will I feel that my life is justifying its existence and
realizing the maturity in Him that Christ meant for all men, in all parts of the world.
John and Betty first met at the China Inland Mission prayer meetings at the Moody Bible Institute in Illinois. Betty was a year ahead of John, so
after graduating she made her way to China first, being based in Shanghai. John arrived and a year later they received permission from the China
Inland Mission to marry. The Stams were united on October 25, 1933. Soon after, joyous news came that Betty was pregnant. In September 1934 Helen
Priscilla was born in a Methodist mission hospital.
The newlyweds were assigned to the mission base at Jingde in southern Anhui Province. After many weeks of arduous boat and overland travel they
arrived at their new home. Communist activity in the part of Anhui had lessened in the previous years, and both the Stams and their mission leaders
felt the risk of a Communist insurgency in Jingde was extremely low. The city magistrate of Jingde welcomed the Stams and gave a personal assurance
that they would be safe from the Communist threat.
Almost as soon as they had settled in, the Stams started to hear rumours of the Red Army nearing Jingde. It was impossible to tell which stories were
imaginary and which contained truth, such was the frequency and inconsistencies of the information reaching their ears. Suddenly, in the morning of
December 6, a letter was rushed to the Stams’ house from the City Magistrate, informing the Stams that 2,000 Communist insurgents were just four miles
from the city. The missionaries were advised to flee. The Communists had crossed the mountains on little-used trails and penetrated through the army
lines positioned sixty miles south of the city. The magistrate, who just a few weeks before had personally guaranteed the Stams’ safety, was one of
the first to flee Jingde. While the insurgents entered Jingde through the East Gate of the city the magistrate and other officials escaped through the
West Gate.
Soldiers made their way directly to the mission compound. They broke open the lock on the gate and rushed to the front door of the house. John Stam
calmly opened the door and welcomed the men inside. Betty served them tea and cakes while John tried to explain their peaceful intentions. When they
finished their tea, the visitors politely said, “You will go with us.” John pleaded with the soldiers to let his wife and baby daughter remain behind,
but his request was refused.
The young missionaries, along with their baby daughter, were taken to the prison in Jingde for the rest of the day (December 6, 1934). The Communist
soldiers forced John Stam to write a letter to the China Inland Mission headquarters in Shanghai outlining their ransom demand. Stam knew the request
would not be considered, as it was the strict policy of the mission never to pay a ransom for a kidnapped worker, believing that such an action would
only encourage more kidnappings and result in a more dire situation overall. John’s letter displays his faith and courage, and also reveals that he
was well aware of the likely outcome of his life:
December 6th, 1934,
China Inland Mission, Shanghai.
Dear Brethren,
My wife, baby and myself are to-day in the hands of the Communists in the city of Jingde. Their demand is twenty thousand dollars for our release.
All our possessions and stores are in their hands, but we praise God [we have] peace in our hearts and [we had] a meal to-night. God grant you wisdom
in what you do, and us fortitude, courage and peace of heart. He is able — and a wonderful friend in such a time.
Things happened so quickly this A.M. They were in the city just a few hours after the ever-persistent rumours really became alarming, so that we could
not prepare to leave in time. We were just too late.
The Lord bless you and guide you—and as for us—may God be glorified whether by life or death.
In Him,
JOHN C. STAM
One of the other prisoners, as he was being released from Jingde Prison, overheard the soldiers discussing what to do with the Stams’ baby. The men
didn’t want to listen to her constant crying, and could see no use in preserving her life, so they decided to kill the baby for their own convenience.
The prisoner, whose name remains unknown, stepped forward and said:
“Why kill her? What harm has she done?”
“Are you a Christian?” shouted one of the Reds.
“No, I am not,” was the answer. “I am a prisoner you just released.”
“Will you die for this foreign baby?” they asked.
“I will,” answered the strange criminal. And as the Stams hugged their baby tighter, they saw this prisoner hacked to pieces before their eyes. Thus
little Helen Priscilla’s life was spared because of the sacrifice of the life of this Chinese prisoner.
The next day the Communists abandoned Jingde, taking John and Betty with them, along with little three-month-old baby Helen. After arriving in
Miaoshou, the soldiers made John write a second ransom letter to the China Inland Mission, which he did. When the postmaster was summoned to receive
the letter he recognized Stam and asked, “Where are you going?” John Stam replied, “We don’t know where they’re going, but we are going to heaven.”
Soon after arriving in Miaoshou, John and Betty Stam were bound with ropes that cut deeply into their wrists, then stripped of their outer clothing,
leaving them in their underwear. John was tied to a bedpost throughout the night, while Betty was allowed to attend to the needs of her baby. The next
morning they were paraded through the town, with the whole population rallied to come and witness the execution of the “foreign devils.” The
Communists cursed and ridiculed them as they were marched through the streets. The procession wound its way up a small hill, called Eagle Hill, to a
line of pine trees.
Miaoshou was a small town that had been visited by missionaries for a number of years, so there were a small number of believers living there. On
their way to the execution spot the Stams saw a medicine seller named Zhang Shuisheng, who had been a rather lukewarm Christian. He pleaded on his
knees for the release of John and Betty when he saw that the Reds were determined to behead the courageous couple. The Communists bound him, and
searching his house later they found a Bible and hymn book. They needed no further proof that he was a Christian, so they killed him also.
The Stams were ordered to kneel down in the dust. One biographer recounts the events that followed:
A huge sword was in the hands of one of the young Communists. John spoke only a few words as he knelt on one knee. Probably only his wife understood
what he was saying. Without a doubt, she was reaffirming him, even if it meant giving up his life. While he was talking, he was struck to the ground,
his throat having been cut so completely that the head fell beside the slain body…
Betty trembled, but she did not cry out. Her lips uttered a prayer as she fell over the beheaded body of her beloved husband. In this position the
cruel hand struck the same blood-stained knife in at the back of her neck and she fell down dead over her husband’s body. John and Betty were one in
life and one in death, and one in a martyr’s testimony for the Lord Jesus Christ.
The bodies of John and Betty Stam were buried in a small Christian graveyard in the suburbs of Wuhu City, in Anhui Province.
Remarkably, on the same day that news of the Stams’ death reached America, John’s father, the Rev. Peter Stam, received a letter from his son that had
been posted from China many weeks before. In his letter he told about the threat of the Communists, but reiterated his faith and commitment to serve
God in China regardless of the cost. John Stam repeated a poem written by another China missionary, J.W. Vinson, who had himself been captured by
bandits. The bandits asked Vinson if he was afraid to die. Vinson replied, “No! If you shoot straight, I shall go straight to heaven!” His captors did
shoot straight, and Vinson entered heaven as one who “loved not his life unto death.” Earlier, Vinson had penned this poem, which Stam now quoted to
his father:
Afraid? Of what?
To feel the spirit’s glad release?
To pass from pain to perfect peace?
The strife and strain of life to cease?
Afraid?—of that?
Afraid? Of what?
Afraid to see the Saviour’s face?
To hear His welcome, and to trace
The glory gleam from wounds of grace?
Afraid?—of that?
Afraid? Of what?
A flash—a crash—a pierced heart;
Darkness—light—O heaven’s art!
A wound of his counterpart!
Afraid? Of that?
Afraid? Of what?
To do by death what life could not—
Baptize with blood a stony plot,
Till souls shall blossom from the spot?
Afraid? Of that?
The day after the three servants of Christ had followed their Master’s footsteps on the road of martyrdom, a Chinese evangelist named Lo arrived in
Miaoshou. He wrapped the bodies up in white cotton and prepared them for burial. Lovingly, in a desire to give the martyrs the most decent burial
possible, Lo sewed the heads of John and Betty Stam back onto their necks so that those seeing them would not be too upset. The people of Miaoshou
came out in numbers to watch the funeral. The bold evangelist addressed the locals with a loud voice:
You have seen these wounded bodies, and you pity our friends for their suffering and death. But you should know that they are children of God. Their
spirits are unharmed, and are at this moment in the presence of their Heavenly Father. They came to China and to Miaoshou, not for themselves but for
you, to tell you about the great love of God, that you might believe in the Lord Jesus and be eternally saved. You have heard their message. Remember,
it is true. Their death proves it so. Do not forget what they told you—repent, and believe the Gospel.
Evangelist Lo could not discover what had happened to little baby Helen Priscilla. Nobody was sure if she had also been killed, or if the Communists
had carried her off to their next destination. Lo searched around Miaoshou before finally an old woman pointed to an abandoned house and whispered,
“The foreign baby is still alive.” Lo found the Stams’ daughter wrapped in a blanket, completely oblivious to the events of the previous day. She had
been left alone for more than 24 hours, but appeared none the worse for the experience. Later, Lo found a ten dollar bill hidden inside the baby’s
clothing, no doubt secretly placed there by her loving parents so that food could be bought for her.
Helen Priscilla Stam came to be known around the world as the “the miracle baby.” She became the focal point of many newspaper reports. People
preferred to read about the saving of her precious life than the awful slaughter of her parents. Helen was taken to her grieving grandparents, Dr &
Mrs. Charles Scott, at their mission station in Shandong Province. Dr. Scott announced that his daughter and son-in-law “have not died in vain. The
blood of the martyrs is still the seed of the church. If we could hear our beloved children speak, we know from their convictions that they would
praise God because He counted them worthy to suffer for the sake of Christ.”
Little Helen remained in China in the care of her grandparents until the age of five. She later moved to the United States for college. Helen decided
to avoid the publicity brought about by her family’s experiences, so took the last name of her uncle to obtain anonymity. She remained in the United
States and worked as an editor of a scientific journal, and was involved in church work.
What fruit, if any, spring from the blood-soaked soil where the Stams offered their lives for the Lord Jesus Christ? In 1942 a fellow missionary
wrote:
It was over seven years ago on a little hill outside the town of Miaoshou that the blood of John and Betty Stam was shed in martyrdom. It seemed like
the end of the work in Jingde County; but God honoured the death of His two servants….The first baptism in Jingde was held in March, 1941. Five were
baptized by Pastor Cheng in the little preaching chapel, which was packed to the doors for the occasion. Truly it can be said of Jingde, the blood of
the martyrs is the seed of the Church.
The death of the Stams made a significant impact in the Western world. Many young men and women offered to go to China as replacements for the fallen
missionaries. One mission leader remarked, “I personally know of hundreds of volunteers of all ages who gave their lives to the Lord for missionary
service because of the death of John and Betty Stam.” A coworker of the Stams wrote to Betty’s grieving parents: “A life which had the longest span of
years might not have been able to do one-hundredth of the work for Christ which they have done in a day.”
Sources:
James & Marti Hefley, By Their Blood—Christian Martyrs of the 20th Century (Milford, Michigan: Mott Media, 1979). Theodore W. Engstrom, An Hour With
John and Betty Stam: Martyred Missionaries to China (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1943). Lee S. Huizenga, John and Betty Stam—Martyrs (Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1935).
Reprinted by permission: “Asia Harvest” magazine, May 2005, Newsletter #78.